Genome architecture facilitates phenotypic plasticity in. Bifidobacteria identified from the honey bee are found in larval guts and throughout the alimentary tract, but attain their greatest abundance in the adult hind gut. The complete mitochondrial genome of the yellow coloured. Analysis of the complete genome sequence of two korean. The complete genomic rnas of two korean sacbrood virus sbv strains, which infect the honey bee, apis mellifera, were sequenced. Background pesticidal rnas that silence critical gene function have great potential in pest management, but the benefits of this technology must be weighed against nontarget organism risks. We present here an analysis of features of its gene content and genome organization in comparison with apis mellifera to assess the variation within the genus apis and among main groups of hymenoptera. Cytosine modifications in the honey bee apis mellifera. Jun 25, 2008 the parasitic mite, varroa destructor, is the most serious pest of the western honey bee, apis mellifera, and has caused the death of millions of colonies worldwide. It is also an important economic insect as it is the worlds principal crop pollinator and honey producer. Apis mellifera, the european or western honey bee, is native to western asia, europe and africa, but can now be found all around the world. The complete mitochondrial genome of the west african.
Draft genome sequence of the algerian bee apis mellifera. Genome sequencing and analysis of the first complete genome of lactobacillus kunkeei strain mp2, an apis mellifera gut isolate freddy asenjo 1, alejandro olmos 2, patricia henriquezpiskulich 3, victor polanco 2, 3, patricia aldea 3, juan a. The honey bee apis mellifera is the most important pollinator in agriculture worldwide. The pacbio assembly had the highest contiguity of these singletechnology assemblies, with 429 primary contigs of average size 0. Such systems are important to determine the impact of these stress factors on the developmental and cell biology of honey bees. The extent of genomic dna methylation and its role in a. Genome sequencing and analysis of the first complete. About the project the bcmhgsc sequenced the honey bee, apis mellifera. The defensive response of the honeybee apis mellifera. Insectbase is a comprehensive genetic resource and analysis platform of insects.
The principal cause is ccd, or colony collapse disorder, characterized by the seemingly spontaneous abandonment of hives by their workers. A thirdgeneration microsatellitebased linkage map of the. May 21, 2007 in drosophila melanogaster, which has a similar genome size to the honey bee 180 mb, the genetic map is 284. It contains 236 mb, and approximately 10,600 proteincoding genes.
The map viewer help document describes how to use the map viewer software. This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and intermediate alignment results. This mite reproduces in brood cells and parasitizes immature and adult bees. We determined that constituents found in honey, including p coumaric acid, pinocembrin, and pinobanksin 5methyl ether. The western honey bee or european honey bee apis mellifera is the most common of the 712 species of honey bees worldwide. May 01, 2004 a linkage map for the honeybee apis mellifera was constructed mainly from the progeny of two hybrid queens a. Complex demographic history and evolutionary origin of the. Two sequences were distinguished by the presence or absence of a psti restriction site. A bees food intake dictates its future role in the hive, and its life span. The recent, unexpected discovery of a functional dna methylation system in the genome of the social bee apis mellifera underscores the potential importance of dna methylation in invertebrates.
Central to their society is the nest, which contains all the resources of the colony. In drosophila melanogaster, which has a similar genome size to the honey bee 180 mb, the genetic map is 284. The regions of structural genes were located at the 5. Central fusion, reduced recombination rates and centromere mapping using halftetrad analysis emmanuelle baudry, per kryger, mike allsopp, nikolaus koeniger, dominique vautrin, florence mougel, jeanmarie cornuet and michel solignac. The map viewer home page allows you to search the genome data of any organism represented in mapviewer. A major hindrance to the study of honey bee pathogens or the effects of pesticides and nutritional deficiencies is the lack of controlled in vitro culture systems comprised of honey bee cells. As a managed pollinator, the honey bee apis mellifera is critical to the american agricultural enterprise. This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and intermediate alignment. In the genome of honey bee apis mellifera and the wasp nasonia vitripennis, all the three orthologous of dnmts are found and cpg methylation has been observed in several genes, with the global dna. Differential gene expression of the honey bee apis mellifera.
Functions of genes of interest, however, remain largely to be elucidated in the honeybee due to. This page describes the data available for apis mellifera honey bee, and the search tips specific to that organism. From that time a dialog was set up between the map and sequence projects that became interactive, each taking advantage of the progress of the other. Production of knockout mutants by crisprcas9 in the. Differential gene expression of the honey bee apis.
The amfv genome is a double stranded dna molecule of approximately 498,500 nucleotides with a gc content of 50. Cytological analyses have shown that during parthenogenesis, egg diploidy is restored by fusion of the two central meiotic products. The honeybee apis mellifera has major ecological and economic importance. Quercetinmetabolizing cyp6as enzymes of the pollinator. The number and type of evidence retrieved from public. Complete genome sequence of spiroplasma apis b31t atcc. Since 2007, attention has been devoted to colony collapse disorder, a decline in western honey bee colonies in a number of regions. It is variously called the european, western, or common honey bee in different parts of the world. Here we use a hybrid approach that combines data from four genome sequencing and mapping technologies to generate a new genome assembly of the honeybee apis mellifera.
The apis mellifera complete genome sequence was published in 2006, by the. The ability to generate long sequencing reads and access longrange linkage information is revolutionizing the quality and completeness of genome assemblies. The analysis of the nuclear and the mitochondrial genomes of the honey bee apis mellifera in comparison with the wellannotated, finished fruit fly drosophila melanogastergenome was presented in this article. May 28, 20 as a managed pollinator, the honey bee apis mellifera is critical to the american agricultural enterprise. The nuclear genome of the honey bee has about 245millions b. The honey bee is a key pollinator in agricultural operations as well as a model organism for studying the genetics and evolution of social behavior. It seems to have originated in eastern tropical africa and spread from there to europe and eastwards into asia to the tien shan range. Sphingolipid metabolism apis mellifera honey bee pathway menu organism menu pathway entry download kgml user data mapping pathway menu organism menu pathway entry download kgml user data mapping. This subspecies had a similar mitogenome to those of other southern african honey bees, namely a. Quercetinmetabolizing cyp6as enzymes of the pollinator apis. Comparative sequence analysis showed that the amplicon for the ame711 line was identical to that of the honey bee embryo and to a 956 bp sequence of the complete cox 1 gene sequence position, 41671. Amelmap2 was not published, but was used by the human genome sequencing center at baylor college for the first assembly of the apis mellifera genome in january 2004. A complete reference genome of the apis mellifera filamentous virus amfv was determined using illumina hiseq sequencing.
Oct 26, 2006 here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. Comparison with sbvuk and csbv, amsbvkor19 was missing a section between. You can also return to the apis mellifera genome view search page. These viruses are widespread in honey bee colonies 2, 3 with multiple virus infections in the same bee colony a common feature 37. It encompasses 247 nonoverlapping open reading frames orfs, equally distributed on both strands, which cover 65%. This report presents statistics on the annotation products, the input data used in the pipeline and. Genome architecture facilitates phenotypic plasticity in the. The mitochondrial genome was a 16,349bp circular molecule and was predicted to contain proteincoding genes pcgs, 22 trna genes and two rrna genes. For example in 1991 jm cornuet and l garnery used mtdna to find evidence of the. It should be great helpful to all biologists interested in insect evolution, insect vector for human pathogens, insect resources and pest control.
The national human genome research institute nhgri and the department of agriculture usda has supported a honey bee apis mellifera genome sequencing project that aimed to produce between 7 and 8fold sequence coverage of the honey bee genome in a mixture of whole genome shotgun wgs and low coverage bac clone sequencing. A cell line resource derived from honey bee apis mellifera. The complete mitochondrial genome of the asiatic cavity. To further understand the role of bifidobacteria in honey bees, we sequenced. Although modern dictionaries may refer to apis as either honey bee or honeybee, entomologist robert snodgrass asserts that correct usage requires two words, i. The genus name apis is latin for bee, and mellifera is the latin for honeybearing, referring to the species production of honey like all honey bee species, the western honey bee is eusocial, creating colonies with a single fertile female or queen. Aug 24, 2014 the honeybee apis mellifera has major ecological and economic importance. Ascosphaera apis is the fungal cause of the honey bee apis mellifera larval disease chalkbrood. Two independent genome projects for the honey bee, a microsatellite linkage map and a genome sequence assembly, interactively produced an almost complete organization of the euchromatic genome. Draft genome sequence of the algerian bee apis mellifera intermissa nizar jamal haddada,1, wahida loucifayadb,c, noureddine adjlaned. The refseq genome records for apis mellifera were annotated by the ncbi eukaryotic genome annotation pipeline, an automated pipeline that annotates genes, transcripts and proteins on draft and finished genome assemblies. Apis mellifera honey bee genome data and search tips. It currently hosts the genomes of apis mellifera and several other bee.
Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential to global ecology through pollination. The apis mellifera genome was sequenced by the baylor college of medicine human genome sequencing center. Apis mellifera annotation report national center for. The complete mitochondrial genome of the yellow coloured honeybee apis mellifera from north island, new zealand was analyzed using nextgeneration sequencing. The amfv genome is a double stranded dna molecule of approximately. The two sequences amsbvkor19, amsbvkor21 were distinguished by the presence or absence of a psti restriction site. More than fifteen viruses have been described from honey bees apis mellifera l.
It encompasses 247 nonoverlapping open reading frames orfs, equally distributed on both strands, which cover 65% of the genome. Genome sequencing and analysis of the first complete genome. In silico identification of offtarget pesticidal dsrna. Widely considered probiotic organisms, bifidobacteria are common inhabitants of the alimentary tract of animals including insects. Research article open access genomewide characterization of. Western honey bee apis mellifera is a key model for understanding social behavior, disease transmission, and development 39. Although the honey bee apis mellifera genome contains far fewer cytochrome p450 genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism than other insect genomes sequenced to date, the cyp6as subfamily, apparently unique to hymenopterans, has undergone an expansion relative to the genome of the jewel wasp nasonia vitripennis. This article is from genome announcements, volume 2.
Insights into social insects from the genome of the. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee apis. Insights into social insects from the genome of the honeybee. Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a key model for social behaviour and essential. The genetic map of honey bee chromosome 1 alone 575. We investigated whether varroa infestation induces changes in apis mellifera gene expression, and whether there are genotypic differences that affect. However, the number of honey bees has fallen significantly since 2006, becoming a huge ecological problem nowadays. Features of the honey bee apis mellifera genome versus. Oct 10, 2012 highlights genomic rnas of two korean sacbrood virus strains in honey bee, apis mellifera, were determined. Apis mellifera were supplied by betta bees research limited, which maintain a closed breeding population of a. In fact, the dependence of agricultural activities on honey bee pollination.
In the present study, we determined the complete mitochondrial dna mtdna sequence of apis cerana, the asiatic cavitynesting honeybee. We first generated contigs based on pacbio sequencing libraries, which. Hymenoptera has become an important model for genetic study, especially as its genome has been sequenced. The western honey bee, apis mellifera, is the most important insect pollinator of agricultural crops worldwide.
The diagram on the left was adapted from this article but is colour coded to illustrate the various coding regions. We determined that constituents found in honey, including p coumaric acid, pinocembrin, and. Kanga,nn a parasitology and insect disease research laboratory, animal, plant and fisheries quarantine and inspection agency, 480. The entire honeybee genome has been sequenced, which has further advanced molecular biologic studies of the honeybee. Apis mellifera complete genome sequence honey bee i. Here we report the genome sequence of the honeybee apis mellifera, a. While workers of almost all subspecies of honeybee are able to lay only haploid male eggs, apis mellifera capensis workers are able to produce diploid female eggs by thelytokous parthenogenesis. Pdf cytosine modifications in the honey bee apis mellifera. A linkage map for the honeybee apis mellifera was constructed mainly from the progeny of two hybrid queens a. We have developed a method incorporating established insect cell. The bcmhgsc sequenced the honey bee, apis mellifera. The snp analysis results are also available for download using the ftp data link. Localization of deformed wing virus infection in queen and. Abstractspiroplasma apis b31t atcc 33834 is a wallless bacterium in the class mollicutes that has been.
Spores of this fungus germinate within the digestive tract of bees, then begin mycelial growth during the last instar of larval development. Methods published studies that developed pesticidal double stranded rnas dsrnas were collated into a database. The target gene sequences for these pesticidal rnas. May 01, 2004 whole genome scan in thelytokouslaying workers of the cape honeybee apis mellifera capensis. A microsatellitebased linkage map of the honeybee, apis. Four assemblies have been released for apis mellifera 1. Bees were reared in langstroth hives or nucleus boxes in dunedin, new zealand. As of october 28, 2006, the honey bee genome sequencing consortium fully sequenced and analyzed the genome of apis mellifera, the western honey bee. Honey constituents upregulate detoxification and immunity. The apis mellifera genome has been sequenced and annotated twice over, enabling proteomics and functional genomics methods for probing relevant aspects of their biology. Production of knockout mutants by crisprcas9 in the european.